The abbreviated form rakaṭa also means "crab" in the Old Javanese language.
The origin of the Indonesian name Krakatau is uncertain. The first known appearance of the spelling Krakatau was by Wouter Schouten, who passed by "the high tree-covered island of Krakatau" in October 1658. About two dozen variants have been found, including Crackatouw, Cracatoa, and Krakatao (in an older Portuguese-based spelling). Although there are earlier descriptions in European sources of an island in the Sunda Strait with a "pointed mountain," the earliest mention of Krakatoa by name in the western world was on a 1611 map by Lucas Janszoon Waghenaer, who labelled the island "Pulo Carcata" ( pulo is the Sundanese word for "island"). Here Krakatoa is referred to as "the island of Rakata, a mountain in the middle of the sea" ( pulo Rakata gunung ti tengah sagara, f. One of the earliest mentions of the name Krakatoa is in the Old Sundanese text Bujangga Manik, which was probably written in western Java in the late 15th century.
In 2017, the height of Anak Krakatau was reported as over 400 m (1,300 ft) above sea level following a collapse in December 2018, the height was reduced to 110 meters (361 ft). In late 2011, this island had a radius of roughly 2 kilometres (1.2 mi), and a highest point of about 324 metres (1,063 ft) above sea level, growing five metres (16 ft) each year. Periodic eruptions have continued since, with recent eruptions in 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012, and a major collapse in 2018. The eruption destroyed two-thirds of the island of Krakatoa.Įruptions in the area since 1927 have built a new island at the same location, named Anak Krakatau (which is Indonesian for "Child of Krakatoa"). At least 36,417 people died, and many more thousands were injured, mostly from the tsunamis that followed the explosion. Īccording to the official records of the Dutch East Indies colony, 165 villages and towns were destroyed near Krakatoa, and 132 were seriously damaged.
The cataclysmic explosion was heard 3,600 km (2,200 mi) away in Alice Springs, Australia, and on the island of Rodrigues near Mauritius, 4,780 km (2,970 mi) to the west. The 1883 eruption ejected approximately 25 km 3 (6 cubic miles) of rock. With an estimated Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 6, the eruption was equivalent to 200 megatons of TNT (840 PJ)-about 13,000 times the nuclear yield of the Little Boy bomb (13 to 16 kt) that devastated Hiroshima, Japan, during World War II, and four times the yield of Tsar Bomba, the most powerful nuclear device ever detonated at 50 Mt. The most notable eruptions of Krakatoa culminated in a series of massive explosions over 26–27 August 1883, which were among the most violent volcanic events in recorded history. Further information: 1883 eruption of Krakatoa
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